Volume 7, Issue 3 (2021)

  1. GRAPHO-ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF OIL SPILLS WITH GRAVITY FLOW FROM MULTIPHASE PIPELINES

    Authors: Fidan Ismayilova

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202104

    Year: 2021 Pages: 4-12

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    Abstract: It is important to determine the amount of oil spilled in order to assess the losses and environmental impacts caused by accidents during the operation of oil pipelines. In the article it was proposed a grapho-analytical method based on the analysis of accidental oil spills from pipelines for the correct determination of the amount of hydrocarbons released into the environment in different modes. It has been proved that the assumption that the flow of oil into the environment due to the fact that the atmospheric pressure during the accident is not at the maximum point of the route profile, but at the accident site (hole) is not correct. At present, in normative documents and literature sources, unlike monophasic flows, there are almost no correct methods for estimating and calculating oil and gas spills for multiphase flows. Considering the importance of determining in which part of the pipeline the oil will leak in case of real accidents, the studies were carried out on the basis of the compacted profile of the pipeline. In the article, it was identified oil spills, as well as the fact that the gravity-flow regime is 3-5% of the volume of the pipeline and the conditions under which the complete unloading of the pipeline is possible.

    Keywords: oil spill, gravity-flow, hydrostatic pressure, vapor pressure, compacted profile, grapho-analytical method

  2. DETERMINATION OF THE THICKNESS OF THE COVER STRUCTURE OF OIL TANKS

    Authors: Emil Abdullayev

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202113

    Year: 2021 Pages: 13-17

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    Abstract: Oil tanks must meet the requirements of low evaporation losses, as well as durability and longevity. Oil tanks are made of steel and non-metal structures of different materials. Steel oil tanks are small (up to 2000 Pa), high (up to 70,000 Pa) and atmospheric pressure due to the additional pressure in the gas phases. Due to their design, steel oil tanks are vertical cylindrical, horizontal cylindrical, drip-shaped and trench-type. Vertical cylindrical oil tanks are the most common and are mainly conical, spherical, pantone, floating lid. Pantone and floating oil tanks - used to reduce evaporation losses during oil storage. The pantone installed in the oil tank with a capacity of 20,000 m3 consists of a steel floor made of a 4 mm thick layer of steel and a ring with two lids welded along its perimeter at a distance of 2.8 m from each other. These ribs provide rigidity to the pontoon during movement, as well as a reserve swimming position when the middle part of the panto sinks. The annular ribs are connected at a certain distance from each other (up to 1/48 of the circumference) by radial ribs. The annular and radial ribs are welded to the floor of the pantone with a complete seam.

    Keywords: cover construction, oil storage terminal, oil tanks volume, determination of the coating structure

  3. IMPROVEMENT OF WORKING PERFORMANCE OF THE GAS COMPRESSOR STATION

    Authors: Kamala Aliyeva, Elsevar Allahverdiyev

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202118

    Year: 2021 Pages: 18-24

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    Abstract: The working performance of compressor unit for compressing of gas to required pressure for injection of gas to underground reservoir and for transportation of it is considered. Performance data of compressor station for 2018 and 2019 analyzed. Dependencies of power consumption, specific consumption of gas which uses as fuel for compressor is designed. Changes in noted above parameters during given two years are found based on detail analysis. The expediency of processing the signals of the sensors connected to the monitoring and control system of the compressor station, using fuzzy logic algorithms and digital signal processing for increasing of efficiency entire system is shown.

    Keywords: gas compressor, working performance, power consumption, signal processing, algorithms

  4. FORMATION OF CRM BASED VIRTUAL TRAINING

    Authors: Sanara Ismailova

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202125

    Year: 2021 Pages: 25-30

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    Abstract: In the article distance education, advantages of it are informed, the dynamics of development of distance education is shown and the question of formation CRM ­ based distance education is considered. Note for information that distance education is a organized form of educational process on the basis of electronic, telecommunication, software and hardware. Distance education provides long-distance communication between teacher and learner through telecommunications and computer networks based on operative, regular dialogue and feedback. Electronic materials, electronic textbooks, tv programs are presented to learners as forms of information in distance education. Educational institutions must develop a special set of educational and methodological materials for each student to study specific training courses for organizing distance education. As noted, due to the students are on long distance, the main part of the scientific and educational-methodological base of distance education is a virtual information-educational environment. Computer systems, creation of virtual information-educational environment, e-learning methodical fund, electronic catalogs, electronic libraries on the basis of the Internet is the basis of distance education. Distance education is impossible to implement without e-lectures, laboratory works, seminar assignments, methodical instructions for their implementation, which can be obtained through the Internet. That is why the creation and application of a distributed information system is of particular importance for the effective provision of software and hardware opportunities which is equipped the teaching process with e-learning materials, enablied students to use these teaching materials, communicated with teachers, recommended, performed inspection and laboratory assignments and more. For this reason, during the organization of distance education in educational institutions CRM systems can be widely used and its benefits can be used as an intellectual information service. Thus, every university, research institute can use this system to ensure efficiency in their activities. This system can be used to provide the relevant needs of students, teachers, researchers and administration, who are the subjects of scientific and pedagogical activities. First of all, CRM systems define curricula for each specialty of their "clients" (learners) and are investigated suitable information needs. Necessary information is obtained in accordance with the received needs. It should be noted that the ways and sources of obtaining information are different. Thus, information can be obtained from electronic textbooks, data banks, electronic libraries of foreign scientific societies, electronic publications and other resources, as well as various scientific research and educational institutions through scientific cooperation. Through such an approach, the advantages (to choice of place, time, duration and pace of training and to save significantly in financial resources, practicality, time and etc) of distance education can be realized most effectively.

    Keywords: distance education, electronic materials, electronic textbooks, tv programs, learning computer programs, e-library, distance education organized on basis of CRM

  5. SOME PROTECTIONS ON THE ROLE OF GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND PROTECTION

    Authors: Intizar Aliyeva, Rasul Hajıyev

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202131

    Year: 2021 Pages: 31-34

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    Abstract: The article discusses various limited considerations and assumptions on the positive or negative impact of geochemical features chemical elements found in rocks, ores, soil, plants, water and in the air of the territories of populated areas, factories, the mining and agro-industrial complexes to the environment and the role of analytical geochemistry in this process. According to the author, one of the main points on which the light should be shed is the role of finding elements (independent, combination or isomorphic mixture) rather than their existence in different amounts in the environment. Thus, the chemical elements can be more or less hazardous to environment regardless its amount, but the finding methods. Chemical and natural combinations can be either very hazardous or very useful to all living creatures depending on their characteristics, so it’s better to determine their environmental hazardousness via their impact to a particular human or animal organ which in turn facilitates the solution of the problem. Moreover, it should be noted that the most environmentally dangerous and active chemical elements are the ones with fluctuating valence. Some elements are not so hazardous when they are independent or in solid form since they change weakly. But they are very dangerous when they turn into liquid or gas forms and create mineral compounds with other elements such as halkofil group of elements which in turn can easily decompose and dissolve in water by causing dangers to all living creatures in the nature. Approximately any chemical element can either react negatively or in most cases stimulate the life functions of the organs of animals and plants depending on its finding forms. The study of geochemical parameters in different natural objects such as surface and subsoil water, air, rocks and ores can be very helpful in organizing the protection of environmetal and the solution of its problems. X-ray Spectral analysis is particularly highlighted in this article for identifying various chemical elements in geological and ecological objects. There are several advantages of X-ray Spectral analysis such as its productiveness and low cost, the expressiveness and simplicity of analysis operations, having slightly high sensitivity, universality, high range of elements identification features, etc. To conclude some authors claim that the following problems can be solved with the help of analytic geochemistry: Identifying the main source of pollution and the evaluation of its impact on the environment; Identification of quantitative and qualitative parameters of sources of natural, techno and agro genic pollution in the settlements, industrial objects and in the regions of developed mining complexes; Eco-geochemical and biochemical evaluation of the negative impact of water, weather and harmful geochemical anomalies on live organisms. We hope the elimination of this type of problems can pave the way to the ecologically clean environment.

    Keywords: ore, soil, plant, water, weather

  6. SALT PROCESSING AT THE NAKHICHEVAN SALT DEPOSIT

    Authors: Jeyhun Shirinov

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202135

    Year: 2021 Pages: 35-40

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    Abstract: One of the topical issues is the study of the formation conditions, geological structure, chemical composition and methods of development of the "Duzdag" salt deposit, formed in the Babek region of the Nakhchivan depression on the territory of Azerbaijan, in order to meet the salt needs of the population. The field is divided into two sections: southern - Nakhchivan and Sust, located 4.5 km north-west of it. The physical and mechanical properties of both sections are close to each other. Losses are allowed during field development due to the fact that salt layers alternate with clay layers. The constantly growing demand for salt has predetermined the need to develop more advanced and progressive production methods based on the mechanization of technological processes, the use of new technologies and world experience. Depending on the formation of salt deposits, different methods of salt extraction are used in world practice. The main method of production of table salt in the world should be its extraction in the form of a solution and evaporation in the sun. The share of each of these methods is about 35%, and about 30% of the salt is extracted from an underground mine. The productive layer of the Nakhchivan rock salt deposit is 93-95% halite and is of high quality. The excess content of clay minerals in the field forces them to be used only in animal husbandry. Frosts drilled in the Nakhchivan rock salt deposit can be widely used in the treatment of liver diseases. The mountain has 130 million tons of natural salt reserves that are effective in treating respiratory ailments. Since the ice is horizontal, patients adapt to the underground part. To open new production facilities and treatment facilities in Duzdag, it is necessary to continue the installation of equipment that meets modern standards, the introduction of mines into a fully automated, controlled technological regime, equipped with a modern ventilation system.

    Keywords: Nakhchivan salt deposit, processing methods, salt beds

  7. SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF MIXED ETHYLENE GLYCOL DIESTERS BASED ON PETROLEUM ACIDS CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

    Authors: Nazilya Sadiyeva, Sevil Isgenderova

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202141

    Year: 2021 Pages: 41-49

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    Abstract: In order to increase the range of plasticizers and antioxidants using the ZnO catalyst, mixed ethylene glycol diesters based on petroleum and fatty acids were synthesized by a waste-free method. To determine the optimal conditions for obtaining the target products, the effect of temperature, the amount of catalyst, the molar ratio of the components involved in the reaction for the maximum yield were studied and the optimal condition was established with a yield of 90-93. The properties of mixed diesters of petroleum acids have been studied, the physicochemical parameters have been determined by analytical and spectral methods. The degree of compatibility of ethers with polyvinyl chloride and the ability to prolong the life of diesel fuel have been determined. It was found that ethers can be recommended as effective plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride and antioxidants for diesel fuel. Taking into account the wide practical application of mixed esters, including esters of petroleum acids, and their high demand, the main goal of the article is to obtain mixed ethylene glycol esters based on natural, synthetic and fatty acids with a high yield without waste method, as well as to study their properties and applications. In this article, to solve the problem posed, natural petroleum acids of the fraction 90-230ºC / 6.65 × 10-4 MPa were used in the studies, taken from the "Meriken" unit of the H. Aliyev`s New Baku Oil Refinery, as well as synthetic petroleum acids synthesized by liquid-phase oxidation with atmospheric oxygen at a temperature of 135-140°С. In the following studies, asymmetric ethylene glycol diesters were synthesized based on natural, synthetic and fatty acids of the C6-C8 series at temperatures of 80-140oC, with a catalyst amount of 0.6-1.6% by weight (with respect to acid), molar ratio of components 2:1.1-1.6, the optimal conditions were determined (T,°C = 110-120, acid: alcohol - 2:1.3-1.5 mol, ZnO - 0.8-1.5% by weight ( in relation to acid)), the properties of the synthesized mixed diesters have been studied, their indicators have been determined by modern analytical and spectral methods, and the material balance of these ethers has been compiled. Other representatives of ethylene glycol based on oil and fatty acids in a similar way were synthesized and the physicochemical parameters were determined. The synthesized products are light yellow, transparent, odorless, insoluble in water, readily soluble in organic solvents. The compatibility of mixed diesters with polyvinyl chloride (PVC), as well as the effect of diesel fuel on thermal-oxidative stability in laboratory conditions has been studied. The research results are presented below: • mixed diesters of petroleum acids have been synthesized in the presence of a ZnO catalyst by one-stage method, which makes it possible to reduce intermedi; • the influence of various amounts of catalyst, the molar ratio of the components involved in the reaction, the temperature range the course of the reaction in order to select the optimal synthesis conditions were studied, mixed esters in high yield were synthesized and their physicochemical parameters by analytical and spectral methods were determined; • the degree of compatibility of mixed diesters synthesized on the basis of petroleum and fatty acids with PVC has been studied and tested as a new component to improve the thermal stability of diesel fuel. These esters can be recommended as effective plasticizers and antioxidants.

    Keywords: natural petroleum acids, synthetic petroleum acids, ethylene glycol, mixed diester, plasticizer, antioxidant

  8. STUDY OF GENESİS OF PRODUCTİVE SERİES SEDİMENTS BY PETROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS

    Authors: Kifayet Kerimova

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202150

    Year: 2021 Pages: 50-59

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    Abstract: It is known that over than 90% of oil produced in Azerbaijan is extracted from the South Caspian Basin. The South Caspian basin is one of the largest deeply buried basins. Sedimentation process here is characterized by high rate as 25 km for 150-170 mln. years (0.6-0.7 km/mln.years). Last year’s due to acceleration in search and exploration works and assessment of the outlook for oil and gas deposits research of the genesis of Productive Series attracts a lot of attention. İn this paper “Quantitative and qualitative models of log facies” on the basis of well logging data the analysis of lithology, facies and genesis of sedimentary rocks in Pirallahi structure have been done and results were derived. Within the framework of the study by use of Neuralog software based on LL, SP, GL, NGL and other log types the data have been transformed into the LAS format, then the, porosity, bulk clay coefficient and thickness of facies alteration models have been designed by use of Petrel software. Study of sedimentation environment constantly draws the interest of geoscientists due to the direct dependence of structure and identification of oil and gas traps on sedimentation environment. This paper deals with study of genesis of Productive Series deposits based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of logging curves. The study target is Kirmaky suite across Pirallahi field of Absheron oil-gas bearing region. Study of sedimentation environment constantly draws the interest of geoscientists due to the direct dependence of structure and identification of oil and gas traps on sedimentation environment. This paper deals with study of genesis of Productive Series deposits based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of logging curves. The study target is Kirmaky suite across Pirallahi field of Absheron oil-gas bearing region.

    Keywords: facies analysis, log facies, genesis, flow, bar, coastal plain

  9. MANAGING TECHNOLOGY IN OIL PIPELINES INDUSTRY

    Authors: Telman Shahlarli

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202160

    Year: 2021 Pages: 60-67

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    Abstract: This study identifies a few technology management issues of operating oil pipelines in oil industry and suggests an analytical framework to resolve those. This study focuses on the pipeline system design, pipeline coating selection, route selection, construction management, and pipeline inspection and maintenance issues. Operating oil pipelines in an optimum capacity through out its life, effective construction management and failure free operations are considered as critical success factors in oil transportation business. Operating oil pipelines in derated capacity due to deteriorating pipeline health or lack of demand, non-ability of augmenting pipeline capacity despite of demand, non-achievement of time, cost, and quality of pipeline construction projects, and many failures of pipelines despite of huge expenditure in inspection and maintenance are the common phenomena in oil pipelines industry. These not only cause business loss, but also increase stakeholders’ concerns for sustainable development. This study addresses the above issues using an analytical framework through stakeholders’ involvement.

    Keywords: Pipeline operations, technology management issues, analytical frameworks, group decision-making

  10. RESEARCH OF THE EFFICIENCY OF CORROSION PROTECTION OF THE MARZA-1 INHIBITOR IN THE MEDIA H2S, CO2 and H2S + CO2

    Authors: Namig Isazade

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202168

    Year: 2021 Pages: 68-74

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    Abstract: For the first time in the laboratory, the effectiveness of protection of the MARZA-1 inhibitor from corrosion in aggressive environments with hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide in combination with hydrogen sulfide was investigated. Laboratory tests were carried out in a solution of an analogue of formation water MI. The experiments were carried out for one and ten days at an inhibitor concentration of 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0 mg/l. The results of numerous laboratory studies have shown that in all cases the protective effect of the MARZA-1 inhibitor increases with an increase in its concentration. The greatest effect was recorded at 10 mg/l for 24 and 240 hours. This effect was 98.0 and 95.7% in a hydrogen sulfide environment, 94.80 and 94.83% in a carbon dioxide environment, 96.8 and 99.23% in a mixed environment (H2S + CO2).

    Keywords: hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, inhibitor, MARZA-1, corrosion, protective effect, gravimetric method

  11. STABILITY OF THE LEVITATIONSYSTEM AND CALCULATION WIND GENERATOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE WITH VERTICAL AXIS

    Authors: Abdullaev Yashar, Kerimzade Gulschen, Mammadova Gulaya

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202175

    Year: 2021 Pages: 75-82

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    Abstract: The advantage of vertical axis wind turbines (VAT) based on magnetic levitation over traditional horizontal axis wind turbines is well known in their scientific and technical literature. Their levitation system is made up of two permanent magnets, which are located in a circle below the turbine. Elementary coils are located next to the magnets, from the output of which voltage is obtained. The designs of the levitation system do not provide the necessary stability of the moving part of the generator and lead to friction. In addition, the output voltage is not at the required level. In order to improve VAT on the basis of magnetic levitation, a stable levitation system has been developed, created with the help of three permanent magnets and magnetic cores made of electrical steel. To increase the output voltage of the generator, the design of a new device was created - a four-pole stator-rotor. The new device is located on the lower part of a sailboat rotating from the wind and is connected to a levitation system.

    Keywords: permanent magnets, levitational system, stability, stator, rotor, new design, output voltage

  12. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF AN ENLARGED OIL STORAGE STATION

    Authors: Haji Hasanov

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/0703202183

    Year: 2021 Pages: 83-85

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    Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the construction and operation of a large oil storage facility. The article covers the construction and calculation of surface and underground oil storage facilities. The process of receiving and storing large volumes of oil and oil products is carried out at large oil storage facilities. The construction of this type of large-scale oil storage facilities is carried out on the basis of two plans. The first construction plan is the construction and operation of surface oil storage facilities. The article also includes a report on the loading and unloading of oil and oil products brought by rail for admission to large oil storage facilities. The report on the loading and unloading of oil and oil products imported by water was also considered.