Volume 148, Issue 2 (2024)

  1. STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES AND MAGNETIZED WATER ON THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

    Authors: Ramiz Ismayilov, Vahid Mustafayev, Vasif Abasov

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-06

    Year: 2024 Pages: 6-12

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    Abstract: The utilization of concrete and concrete structures is widespread in the construction of main pipelines, with the enhancement of concrete strength being crucial for ensuring their reliable and secure operation. This article presents the findings from experimental investigations examining the impact of different additives and magnetized water during the mixing of concrete on its strength characteristics. To discern potential consistent statistical relationships among the component composition of examined cement stone samples, the content of additives, and the magnetization factor of the water employed on the strength indicator, an associative data analysis was conducted in the initial phase. The outcomes of the analysis revealed that when water used in the cement stone mixing process is subjected to a magnetic field, the influence of quarry crumbs, surfactants, and magnetite content on the strength of the cement stone is consistent. In contrast, such a relationship is not apparent in the case of regular water. Consequently, the application of magnetized water serves to activate the concrete hardening processes and accentuates the impact of the employed additives.

    Keywords: concrete, concrete strength, additives, magnetized water, data analysis

  2. RESEARCH NEW MATERIALS FOR DURABLE OIL WELL CEMENTING

    Authors: Nihad Pashazada, Shirin Bakhshaliyeva

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-13

    Year: 2024 Pages: 13-21

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    Abstract: Oil wells are secured after drilling by strings of steel pipes (casing) lowered into them. The outer diameter of the pipes is several centimeters smaller than the diameter of the well, and a space remains between the column and the wall of the well, which must subsequently be filled with cement. After the cement sets, the walls of the well are formed. In some cases, there are situations that lead to a work stoppage. Usually, this is caused by improper transportation of cement, poor testing of the cement slurry in the laboratory, the cement did not have time to harden, etc. In this article, we investigated application of several additives such as polypropylene fiber, cellulose nanofibers, nano SiO2, nano TiO2, nano Al2O3 and combination of them. The effect of polypropylene fiber was determined by performing various tests. 0.5 % concentration of polypropylene fiber improved flexural strength of cement stone. The test results showed that application of 0.004 weight percent of cellulose nanofiber enhanced structural strength of cement stone by 23.9 %. Fluid loss rate was controlled by nano SiO2, nano TiO2 and nano Al2O3. Application of blend of nano SiO2 and nano TiO2 enhanced cement quality by 70-72 %.

    Keywords: oil well cementing, cement additives, nanofibers, cement strength, oil and gas formations

  3. DETERMİNATİON OF TECHNOLOGİCAL İNDİCATORS OF UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE FACİLİTİES

    Authors: Afeliya Aliyeva

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-22

    Year: 2024 Pages: 22-28

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    Abstract: Determination of the change in the amount of wells required to ensure the gas production when the project development of gas (gas-condensate) fields for depletion is considered one of the most important issues. Until now, it is believed that the productivity of wells decreases significantly when gas (gas-condensate) fields are worked out until exhaustion. There as fore, in the final stage of development, it is necessary to drill additional wells and put them into operation in order to maintain the copy of production. In the absence of a gas storage tank, the power of the gas transportation system is used by 80 - 85%. The utilization factor of the installed capacity of the unit is close to one during the equal operation of the gas source and main gas pipeline. The number of production wells in the gas field, the total number of compressors in the compressor station can be reduced by 15. It is of great scientific and practical importance to determine the mode of injection of gas into underground gas reservoirs (UGS) depending on the parameters of the well and layer. In world practice, the technical-technological and economic efficiency of the creation of underground gas storage (UGS) facilities in depleted oil and gas fields is scientifically, technically and theoretically justified.

    Keywords: underground gas reservoir, tectonic blocks, monthly consumption, natural gases, formation pressure, main gas pipeline, gas heat demand, productivity of wells, gas consumption

  4. DETERMINATION OF THE ORDER OF REACTIONS OF POLYOLEFINS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF FRIEDEL-KRAFTS DESTRUCTION

    Authors: Khuraman Hajiahmadzade, Esfira Bagirova, Gulnara Guliyeva, Lala Ibrahimova, Tarana Asgarova

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-29

    Year: 2024 Pages: 29-35

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    Abstract: The increase of interest in the catalytic destruction reaction of polyolefins under the influence of Lewis acids can be explained by two main factors: firstly, the theoretical aspect of these reactions, that is, the study of the kinetics and mechanism of processes to establish the scientific basis of processing polymers by this method. Second, the discovery of the mechanism of destruction opens great opportunities for modification of polyolefins. Reactions of Friedel-Krafts catalysts with the following polyolefins have been studied: polyethylene, polypropylene, their copolymers, polyisobutylene and butyl rubber, polystyrene and diene rubber, etc. The new mechanisms of the processes studied with the help of Friedel-Crafts catalysts in the cationic polymerization of olefins and the catalytic destruction of polyolefins have been revealed in this article. Our studies and kinetic calculations suggest the existence of a free radical mechanism. So, in order to prove that the destruction proceeds according to the radical mechanism, studies has been conducted with the participation of polyolefins. It has been determined that the active form of the catalyst during these reactions is its monomer form. Here, the theoretical studies of the kinetics of the destruction process of polyisobutylene under the influence of the AlEtCl2 catalyst under mild conditions (20-600C) and the calculation of the activation energy of the reaction are reflected, including the solved issues. Polyisobutylene under the influence of AlEtCl2 acid in different conditions, that is, in the amount of PIB in the range of 0,6012÷1,00815g, the process time of the catalyst at 20÷600C is 2÷600 min. A system of equations has been proposed to relate the parameters of the catalytic destruction process within the range of values and its adequacy has been confirmed by experiment.

    Keywords: Friedel-Krafts catalysts, polyolefin, cation, ion coordination, free radical, polyisobutylene

  5. TECHNOLOGICAL MODE OF RESTORATION OF THE AXIS OF THE TAL BLOCK BY THE VIBRATION METHOD

    Authors: Nazim Ibrahimov, Royal Garayev

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-36

    Year: 2024 Pages: 36-40

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    Abstract: Working parts of oil field equipment (shafts, axles, etc.) are exposed to corrosion due to loading and external influences, which lead to the failure of the equipment. - arc grinding. Vibro-arc grinding is the most efficient technology used in various fields of industry. Unlike other methods, this recovery method is characterized by the simplicity of the device, quick and high-quality implementation of the process. Oscillating arc coating is a type of arc surfacing that is secured using a consumable metal electrode. The surfacing process is carried out by the vibration of the electrode by supplying the coolant to the surface of the part. With this method, it is possible to restore parts of different sizes. This article summarizes the state of knowledge about the device, technological mode and working mode of vibro-arc resurfacing technology. It provides general information about the current state of research in the field of reclamation process. The following works are performed in the repair of the tal block: replacement of ball bearings, replacement of the axis of the blocks with a new one; replacement of the ring finger, rope blocks with a new one; restoration and repair of boundary sheets, repair of fastening joints, etc. In an average repair, a certain part of the tal block is removed and non-core parts (pads, suspension axle, etc.) are restored or replaced, the co-vers are repaired and the blocks are painted.

    Keywords: Restoration technologies, vibro-arc resurfacing, technological regime, mechanized arc surface, electrode wire, abrasion, resurfacing layer

  6. STUDY OF THE APPLICATION OF SPECIAL PUMPING DEVICES IN OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION

    Authors: Shikar Mammadov, Feyruz Demirov

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-41

    Year: 2024 Pages: 41-48

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    Abstract: The analysis of the operating conditions of electric submersible pumps applied in the Azerbaijani oil industry and ways to effectively use them, also the causes of failures occurring during equipment operation and their generalization have been presented. Analysis of the average operating period of CESPU in existing service companies, analysis of the constructive characteristics of downhole electric submersible pumps and justification of the research object selection, evaluation models for the reliability of electric submersible pumps, methods of application, types, technical specifications, constructions, and application areas of primarily downhole pumps applied in the oil industry have been provided.

    Keywords: oil, pump, equipment, centrifugal pump, piston

  7. INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF COMPRESSOR VALVES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GAS SEPARATOR

    Authors: Fagan Huseynov, Shikar Mammadov

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-49

    Year: 2024 Pages: 49-53

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    Abstract: The functions of compressor valves and gas separators are generally used to control, separate, or regulate the flow of gas and liquid. These are often used in industrial processes and facilities. Their functionality may vary depending on the context and the application in which they are used. Compressor valves are used to regulate the working principles of the compressor. Compressors generally compress the gas, increasing its pressure and ensuring a certain flow in the system. Compressor valves can be used to control compressor operating pressure, direct or stop suction, and discharge flow. These valves help the compressor operate safely and efficiently by providing pressure control. Gas separators are used to separate the gas stream from the liquid. It can be used to remove gas from a gas-liquid mixture or to keep a gas separate from a liquid. For example, in a gas-oil compressor, gas separators allow the oil to be recycled by separating the gas from the liquid. This increases efficiency in the system and helps protect components. In addition, regular maintenance and monitoring of such equipment is also important as it needs to function properly to maintain its efficiency and functionality.

    Keywords: compressor, separators, recycle, functionality, mixture

  8. IMPROVING THE RELİABİLİTY DEVELOPMENT OF HİGH PRESSURE RECİPROCATİNG PLUNGER PUMP

    Authors: Ali Hikmat Akhmadov, Eljan Abbasov

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-54

    Year: 2024 Pages: 54-58

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    Abstract: As it is known, the process of cementing the annular space between the pipeline and the walls of oil and gas wells is carried out with the help of pumping devices. The article considers reliability indicators of high-pressure plunger pumps used in the process of well cementing and analyses the issues of pump reliability assurance. In positive displacement pumps, pressure generation in the liquid flow and its transmission occur due to the forced change of the closed working volume created inside the pump's working bodies. The positive displacement plunger pump discussed here belongs to the group of hydraulic pumps. Plunger pumps are used in high-pressure applications including fluid transfer, chemical injection, hydrostatic testing and well cementing operations in the oil and gas industry. During the operation of these pumps, decreased reliability of their hydraulic parts leads to failure of these parts. During technological processes, the hydraulic parts of the pump may be subjected to various types of wear and tear, as a result of which the reliability of the pumping unit is reduced. This, in turn, can interfere with the overall operation.

    Keywords: hydraulics, positive displacement reciprocating pump, reliability, plunger pump

  9. SOFTWARE SELECTION FOR PROCESS AUTOMATION UNDER Z INFORMATION

    Authors: Kamala Aliyeva, Nihad Mehdiyev

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-59

    Year: 2024 Pages: 59-66

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    Abstract: Choosing the right robotic process automation software for business requires careful consideration. Process automation software is becoming increasingly popular among businesses large and small due to its ability to automate routine repetitive tasks. It is designed to reduce errors and make tasks easier and faster, while also allowing employees to focus on more complex and more important work. From streamlining administrative processes to improving customer service, process automation offers a wide range of business benefits. For example, it can help automate back-office functions such as data entry, order processing, and customer service inquiries. This can help reduce the amount of time and resources required to complete these tasks, as well as improve accuracy and eliminate possible errors. In addition, process automation can help improve customer service by automating customer interaction processes such as inquiries and order processing. This can help speed up the process for customers, leading to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. Process automation can also help businesses save money. By automating routine, repetitive tasks, businesses can reduce their labor costs as fewer employees are required to complete tasks. In addition, process automation can help reduce the amount of time and resources required to complete tasks, resulting in cost savings. When choosing process automation software, such key factors as possibilities of automation, scalability, safety should be considered. In this paper, these key factors are represented under Z- information for multi-criteria decision-making problem. Z- number theory is a very effective tool in great uncertainty conditions. If there are uncertainty conditions in problems solving process it is good using fuzzy logic [1-9].

    Keywords: multi-criteria decision making, software selection, process automation, Z information

  10. NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM WITH RESPECT TO LOADED PARABOLIC EQUATION

    Authors: Vagif Abdullaev, Fargana Hashimova

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-67

    Year: 2024 Pages: 67-74

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    Abstract: A numerical method for solving a boundary value problem with respect to a loaded parabolic equation with nonlocal boundary conditions is proposed. Such equations describe processes in biology, ecology, and underground fluid dynamics. Formulas are obtained and an algorithm is given for the numerical solution of the boundary value problem. The proposed approach is based on the method of lines for approximating the differential equation and the shift operation undivided conditions, developing the well-known method of transferring boundary conditions. The approach allows us to reduce the solution of the original problem to the solution on each time layer (line) of Cauchy problems with respect to ordinary systems of differential equations and systems of linear algebraic equations. The results of the numerical solution of two test problems are presented, illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. The conducted research can be easily extended to other types of loaded partial differential equations, including high-dimensional ones, under various other boundary conditions.

    Keywords: loaded differential equations, nonlocal conditions, method of lines, transfer of boundary conditions

  11. LEVEL CONTROL SYSTEM BY SCADA IN OIL REFINING PROCESS

    Authors: Sevinj Bakhshaliyeva, Gunel Ismayilova

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-75

    Year: 2024 Pages: 75-81

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    Abstract: In the oil refining industry, the quality of the process has been improved as a result of processing the level with a more modern SCADA control system. To control the process, more sensitive sensors and the most suitable controller for faster and more reliable data exchange are provided. QTRD radar level transmitter, a product of Q&T corporation, was given as the most optimal transmitter for level management in the oil refining industry, both in terms of stability to environmental factors and in terms of minimum measurement error. This product can measure all media with dielectric constant > 1.2 and the measurement range is up to 70m. A 4÷20 mA electrical signal is used as an output signal to transmit information about the level in the column. It has a pressure of 400 bar and error-free operation in the temperature range of -200 ÷ 800 ℃. The measurement error is limited to a minimum (1 mm) and it is resistant to external environmental influences (impact, dust, noise, steam, etc.). The sequence of construction of SCADA systems, identification and elimination of conflicts, provision of convenient management to operators was possible on the basis of scientific innovations. Since the knowledge obtained through the SCADA system is collected in the center as a database, it allows operations on that data. Due to repeated processes, stochastic approximation of one parameter to other parameters is also possible based on the dependence of one parameter on another parameter.

    Keywords: level control, oil refinery, SCADA systems, level sensors, controllers, distillation

  12. DEA METHOD FOR MEASURING THE ACTIVITY EFFICIENCY OF THE ENTERPRISE

    Authors: Muhammad Nagiyev

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-82

    Year: 2024 Pages: 82-89

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    Abstract: Performance evaluation is no less important for the management experience of any organ-ization. Efficiency, which is a characteristic feature of the quality of activity and, consequently, its viability in a competitive market environment, is not only the most important field of theoretical and empirical research in the field of economics and management, but also the object of the closest attention of both the management of organizations and other interested parties. At the same time, its measurement is carried out on the basis of the relevant conceptual models according to the nature of the analyzed activity, which determines the description of the considered aspect of the division's activity (mainly financial, strategic or operational). In the article, the measurement of activity efficiency was considered as a research area and the main steps in DEA research are shown. The efficiency scores and scope of the DEA method, a non-parametric method that measures efficiency within a group of homogeneous decision-making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs, are investigated. Thus, the article identifies institutions with efficient and inefficient operations, promoting possible improvements for efficient DEA operational performance.

    Keywords: size parameter, number of inputs and outputs density parameter, efficient and inefficient operation, evaluation of operation efficiency, data envelope analysis