Volume 147, Issue 1 (2024)

  1. APPLICATION OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY TO STUDY STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF GAS FLOWS

    Authors: Ramiz Ismayilov, Said Mammadli

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei147012024-06

    Year: 2024 Pages: 6-11

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    Abstract: Due to insufficiently efficient gas drying at processing units for gathering and preparing well products, a sufficient amount of liquid may remain in the transported flows. During the transportation products from gas condensate fields from platforms to onshore gathering points, complications arise due to precipitation of the liquid phase or, conversely, gas separation in the moving flow. In this regard, the selection of an adequate transportation mode and pipe-line diameter is of great scientific interest. The presence of a liquid phase, on the one hand, can change the structural forms of flow through the pipeline, and on the other hand, liquid can accumulate in low sections of the route and thereby reduce the capacity of the pipeline. The liquid phase also accelerates corrosion processes on the inner surface of the pipeline. In connection with the above, early diagnosis of the presence of a liquid phase in gas flows transported through main pipelines remains relevant today and requires the development of appropriate criteria. In this work, based on real measurements in sections of the main gas pipeline, was studied the dynamics of the gas flow’s main thermodynamic parameters (flow temperature and pressure). Based on the conducted research, was identified a stable relationship between the presence of liquid in the gas flow and the fractal dimension of time series for temperature, flow and pressure. The result is a relatively simple tool for diagnosing the presence of liquid in transported flows.

    Keywords: gas pipeline, gas-liquid flows, structural forms of flow, fractal dimension

  2. SOME ISSUES OF DETERMINING THE HYDRAULIC FRACTURE PRESSURE OF LAYERS IN DRILLING OIL AND GAS WELLS

    Authors: Rafig Ibrahimov, Shirin Bakhshaliyeva, Nargiz Akhundova, Leyla Afandiyeva

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei147012024-12

    Year: 2024 Pages: 12-17

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    Abstract: The determining of the hydraulic fracturing pressure of formations in the drilling of oil and gas wells is considered. It should be noted that determining the hydraulic fracturing pressure is important in choosing the well structure, mainly in determining the length of the conductor and regulating their speed while performing technological processes. Mathematical and statistical analyzes of mining data are given in the article. According to the mentioned method, the value of the hydraulic fracking pressure of the stratigraphic sections and depths was determined for Kursangi, Bahar, Karabaghli, Muradkhanli and other fields. One of the main factors in the method proposed in the article is the study of the exact value of hydraulic fracturing pressure. Until now, the average value of the density of rock is taken empirically in some cases, regardless of the age of the section for the intended deposits. Currently, there are certain complications related to hydraulic fracturing of formations during drilling, which take a lot of time and money to eliminate. In the article, it was proposed to find the hydraulic fracturing pressure of the formation.

    Keywords: well structure, hydraulic fracturing, hydrodynamic pressures, conductor, formation, drilling fluid

  3. REGULATION OF GAS WELL PRODUCTION IN OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS FIELDS

    Authors: Gulbahar Mammadova, Tagay Aliyev

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei147012024-18

    Year: 2024 Pages: 18-23

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    Abstract: The main issue in the operation of gas wells is the regulation of the pressure in the well and the establishment of certain dimensions of the production flow. There is a "practical well productivity" in the field of gas production. Practical productivity measures are expressed as a percentage of full open well production, practical productivity should not exceed 25% of open well production. Practical productivity is effective and economically efficient debit. Limits of 20 or 25% apply to more or less large flow rates and early stages of operation. Then, due to the depletion of the reservoir, the pressure is very low, so it is allowed to take all the flow rate that the well can produce. At the last stage of the operation, the gas can be produced under vacuum. This optimum pressure also determines the "practical yield". Wellbore pressure can be expressed as a percentage of the pressure present in the formation during production at a distance from the well where the formation has not yet been depleted. To achieve practical productivity, it is necessary to produce gas with a certain back pressure. For each formation, it is important to have an "optimal working pressure" in the well during operation. For this reason, creating an optimal technological mode in wells during operation is one of the important issues. In the optimal technological mode, well production is maximum and resource consumption is minimum. In this mode, harmful events that disrupt the normal operation of the well do not occur. The so-called "90% method" is recommended for the operation of gas fields in the Republic of Azerbaijan. This method has been successfully applied in a number of gas fields in the United States.

    Keywords: gas production, productivity, field depletion, practical productivity, flow rate, optimal mode, average well

  4. A LİQUİD PHASE EXTRACTİON PROCESS FOR THE REMOVAL OF ORGANİC MATTER FROM OİL FORMATİON WATERS

    Authors: Vafa Karimli

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei147012024-24

    Year: 2024 Pages: 24-30

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    Abstract: In order to separate asphaltene-resin compounds from oil formation waters, it is possible to use the solubility of these substances in another liquid that is not soluble in treated water. If we add such a liquid to the waste water and mix it, then these substances (asphalten-resin compounds) will dissolve in the added liquid and their concentration in the waste water will decrease. This physico-chemical method is based on the law of distribution between phases according to the solubility of the substance when mixing mutually insoluble substances. This method of removing dissolved substances from wastewater is called liquid-phase extraction process; dissolved substances removed at this time - extractable substances; the liquid that is added and does not mix with waste water is called extractant. The liquid phase freed from pollutants is called raffinate. There are several requirements for the extractant - it should form an emulsion with water (because this leads to a decrease in the production capacity of the unit and an increase in solvent loss), regeneration should be easy and it should not have toxic effects. Studies conducted on the ability of aromatic hydrocarbons, including toluene, to form a stable emulsion system with water have led to the fact that aromatic hydrocarbons can be used as extractants in the process of more effectively purifying water from asphaltenes [1, 2] .

    Keywords: oil formation waters, extractant, liquid phase extraction process, extraction efficiency, isotropic turbulent flow, mass transfer coefficient

  5. THE IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE ON SUCTION PERFORMANCE OF GEAR PUMPS

    Authors: Ilman Hasanov, Madat Hamdulla

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei147012024-31

    Year: 2024 Pages: 31-38

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    Abstract: Through meticulous experimental setups, including a closed-loop system and precision temperature controllers, our study systematically explores the impact of temperature variations on gear pump behavior. This observed phenomenon is attributed to fluid viscosity changes and underscores the intricate interplay between thermal dynamics and gear pump efficiency. In the comparative analysis, our findings are bench-marked against industry standards, revealing both congruities and disparities. The study goes beyond the immediate implications by presenting a sensitivity analysis of different gear materials concerning temperature variations. This work not only contributes to the theoretical understanding of fluid machinery but also has practical ramifications. The presented advanced statistical insights, including a cor-relation matrix, add depth to our comprehension of the interconnected factors influencing gear pump operation. In conclusion, this study provides a nuanced understanding of temperature's influence on gear pump suction performance. By combining empirical evidence with advanced statistical insights, our findings offer practical insights for optimizing gear pump efficiency in varying temperature conditions, ultimately contributing to the evolving landscape of fluid machinery research.

    Keywords: gear pump, temperature variations, suction performance, fluid dynamics, experimental setup

  6. QUALITY AND CONTINUITY OF PLASMA PROCESSING OF THE TOP SURFACE LAYER OF THE REDUCER DRIVING SHAFT

    Authors: Ayyam Abbasov, Turgay Namazov

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei147012024-39

    Year: 2024 Pages: 39-44

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    Abstract: The method of repairing and restoring machine parts by plasma flow is one of the most advanced methods. Based on this, the article explains the superior indicators of plasma processing of the worn upper surface layer of the drive shaft of the reducer. It is noted that the internal structure of the general reducer consists of a combination of details. It is said that the drive shaft is the main part of the reducer that is subjected to the greatest load during operation. And in connection with the diametrical inner surface of the gear wheel and the top surface of the drive shaft, these surfaces are subject to wear in the process of vibration during operation. It is noted that a certain restoration method should be carried out for the worn part of the upper surface layer of the drive shaft. And this method is carried out to increase the physical-mechanical properties of the upper surface layer of the drive shaft. The restoration of the upper surface layer of the part (drive shaft) by the plasma method is explained. The coating formed on the upper surface layer of the drive shaft of the reducer as a result of diffusion increases the service life of this shaft. It is called from the vacuum-ion plasma method. And as a general result, plasma processing has a positive effect on the quality and durability of the wearable top surface layer of the reducer drive shaft. It is noted that this processing method is effective for strengthening the worn upper surface layer of the drive shaft of the reducer.

    Keywords: drive shaft, top surface layer, plasma processing, strength, quality, continuity

  7. RELIABILITY OF COIL TUBES DURING OPERATION OF PYROLYSIS FURNACES OF PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

    Authors: Azad Agayev, Ayyam Abbasov

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei147012024-45

    Year: 2024 Pages: 45-50

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    Abstract: Technologies of processing of crude oil, hydrocarbons, are necessary to obtain products used in the national economy and industry. In the article, taking into account this fact, the conditions of operation of pyrolysis furnaces, their general principle of operation are considered. It also describes what parts (compartments) and elements make up the pyrolysis furnace. It is noted that in the radiant section of the pyrolysis furnace are installed tubular pyrolysis reactors or coil tubes. They are the main working element of pyrolysis furnaces, through which hydrocarbon feedstock passes and the pyrolysis process takes place. The processes affecting the reliability index in the operation of coil pipes are indicated. Also in the article it is indicated that reliability of operation of coil tubes (reaction tubes) depends on the quality of their manufacturing technology. The article notes that the processing of hydrocarbon raw materials in pyrolysis furnaces, occurs at operation of coil tubes at high temperatures. From the facts and processes described in the article, it follows that the indicator of reliability of coil tubes is achieved in compliance with the technical conditions of operation of pyrolysis furnaces in petrochemical production.

    Keywords: pyrolysis furnace, coil tubes, petrochemical production, hydrocarbon raw materials (crude oil), operation, reliability

  8. ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE SELECTION BASED ON Z-AHP METHOD OF DECISION MAKING

    Authors: Kamala Aliyeva, Nihad Mehdiyev

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei147012024-51

    Year: 2024 Pages: 51-58

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    Abstract: After the decision to reorganize business processes in the enterprise is made, an important step is the choice of application software that will be designed to serve and automate the business in the enterprise. Many companies use the following quite possible option - they say: we have a programmer on staff, and he can program everything from the very beginning to the very end. Such an approach has the right to exist, since it is still not difficult to find a cheap programmer now, but according to experts, it seems unpromising, at least for two reasons- first, many man-years have been spent on decent standard software that exists on the market, not only for writing the programs themselves, but also for debugging them. Secondly, a programmer can quit at any time and take all the "Know-how" with him, and in such cases the system often must be rewritten practically from scratch, while you are bound by a certain contract with a decent software supplier. One of these problems that have arisen recently is the onset of the new millennium, in connection with which, at many enterprises that have installed automated systems that do not support the four-digit chronology, it be-came necessary to radically rewrite the system, or immediately switch to a new one. In this paper, is offered a Z-number based AHP method for multi-criteria decision-making problems. Z-number theory is a very effective tool. Some examples of the use of fuzzy logic in the selection of software are represented in different works [1-9]. The existing Z-AHP techniques cannot approximately include the advantage of Z-information and the characteristics of Z-number Multi attribute decision making is largely used approach for solution problems of software selection with different criteria. Among different methods of multi-criteria deci-sion making, the Z-AHP approach is very suitable for estimating alternatives when qualitative and quantitative parameters are represented only with linguistic terms. The goal of this paper is selection enterprise software using Z-AHP technique.

    Keywords: multi-criteria decision making, enterprise software selection, Z numbers, Z-AHP

  9. CONTROL OF THE CATALYTIC PROCESS WITH SELF-LEARNING

    Authors: Elchin Melikov, Mirvaleh Ibrahimli

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.36962/pahtei147012024-59

    Year: 2024 Pages: 59-65

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    Abstract: The manuscript examines the problem of controlling a complex technological apparatus for chemical production, namely, a reaction apparatus for selective purification of the resulting fraction from microimpurities. A distinctive feature of similar reactors is their multidimensio-nality and multiconnectivity, exceptional complexity due to complications associated with catalyst poisoning, multiplicity of stationary states, temperature and concentration instability, distribution of parameters in space, hence the complexity of their assessment, vagueness of the qualitative nature the states and parameters operating in conditions of information deficiency.For this purpose, a concept and structure for controlling the catalytic process using the developed fuzzy logic controller is proposed. During the control process, the presented controller carries out both structural and parametric adaptation of linguistic rules table that describes possible situations that arise during control.

    Keywords: catalytic reactor, linguistic variable, control, fuzzy controller