Impact of environmental problems of municipal solid waste on climate change and ways to solving them in Azerbaijan

Abstract

The development of civilization has led to anthropogenic activity that affects the environment, leading to climate change. The article considers the risks associated with the accumulation and burning of municipal solid waste (MSW) in uncontrolled open landfills, which have a negative impact on the climate. The inefficiency of using thermal processing of MSW, which requires the creation of landfills for the disposal of secondary waste, is noted. The transition of the environmental policy of Azerbaijan to the path of a closed-loop economy is shown. Information is provided on the country's integrated approach to solving environmental problems of MSW due to the modern industrial park operating in the country. Separate sorting, reuse of individual fractions, processing of fractions that are not subject to reuse can significantly reduce the accumulation of MSW. The presence of a modern plant in the park ensured the replacement of incineration in an open landfill with electricity generation. The resulting ash from MSW incineration, used to obtain mineral fertilizers, completed the closed cycle of the new MSW management model, allowing to mitigate the negative impacts on climate change. An assessment was given of the trust in Azerbaijan at the international level in connection with the holding of the 29th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 29) in our country.