METHODS FOR THE ELIMINATION OF SOIL SALINIZATION AND THE RECLAMATION OF UNPRODUCTIVE LANDS FOR AGRICULTURAL USE

Abstract

This article examines the current condition of widely distributed saline and sodic soils in Azerbaijan, their suitability for agricultural use, and potential methods for their improvement. The main objective is to investigate the physicochemical properties of these soils, assess the degree of salinization, and identify effective reclamation strategies for restoring soil fertility. Laboratory and field investigations show that the intensity of salinization is strongly influenced by both natural factors and anthropogenic activities, leading to a significant reduction in soil productivity. The application of different leaching regimes and reclamation measures has resulted in a noticeable decrease in soil salt content. In particular, chemical amelioration—especially gypsum application combined with leaching—has proven to be highly effective, significantly reducing harmful salts and improving soil structure. The results indicate that the rehabilitation of saline soils is most successful when a comprehensive approach is applied, including proper irrigation management, agrotechnical practices, and integrated chemical amelioration methods. Such an approach not only enhances soil resource utilization but also supports sustainable agricultural development.